PRESENT POSITION:

Microbial Ecologist and Assoc. Prof. of Biology, University of South Carolina at Aiken

Research Associate, Belle W. Baruch Institute of Marine Biology and Coastal Research

Assoc. Faculty, School of the Environment, University of South Carolina at Columbia

Patterson, K.L., J.W. Porter, K.B. Ritchie, S.W. Polson, E. Mueller, E.C. Peters, D.L. Santavy and G.W. Smith. The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata.Nature (submitted).

Weil, GW Smith and M. Mills. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Coral and Octocoral Disease in Bermuda. Rev. Biol Trop (submitted)

Bagwell, J.R. LaRocque, G.W. Smith, S.W. Polson, M.J. Friez, J.W. Longshore and C.R. Lovell. Molecular diversity of diazotrophs in oligotrophic tropical seagrass bed communities. FEMS Micro. Ecol. (submitted).

Alker, A.P., G.W. Smith and K. Kim. Characterization of Aspergillus sydowii (Thom et Church), a fungal pathogen of Caribbean sea fan corals. Hydrobiologia (in press).

Ritchie, K.B., S.W. Polson and G.W. Smith. Microbial disease causation in marine invertebrates: Problems, practices and future prospects. Hydrobiologia (in press).

Richardson, L.L. G.W. Smith, K.B. Ritchie and R.G. Carlton. Intrgrating microbiological, microsensor, molecular and physiological techniques in the study of coral disease etiology. Hydrobiologia (in press).

Harvell, C.D., K. Kim, C. Quirolo, J. Weir and G.W. Smith. Elevated sea surface temperature and the link between coral bleaching and disease in Briareum asbestinum (Gorgonacea). Hydrobiologia (in press).

Cervino, J., T. J. Goreau, I. Nagelkerken, G.W. Smith and R. Hayes. Yellow band and dark spot syndromes in Caribbean corals: Distribution, rate of spread, cytology and effects on abundance and division rate of zooxanthellae. Hydrobiologia (in press).

Weir, J.R., V. Garrison, G.W. Smith and E.A. Shinn. The relationship between gorgonian coral (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) disease and African dust storms. Proc. 9^th Internat. Coral Reef Symp. (in press).

Kim, K., C.D. Harvell, P.D. Kim, G.W. Smith and S.M. Merkel. Role of secondary chemistry in fungal disease resistance of sea fans (Gorgonia spp.). Marine Biology 136: 259-267. 2000.

Shinn, EA, GW Smith, JM Prospero, P. Betzer, ML Hayes, V. Garrison, RT Barber. African dust and the demise of Caribbean coral reefs. Geophysical Research Letters: 27: 3029-3032 Oct. 2000; reprinted in Earth in Space 13: 7-9, 2000.

Ritchie, K.B., I. Nagelkerken, S. James and G.W. Smith. A tetrodotoxin-producing marine pathogen. Nature 404:354. 2000.

Nagelkerken, I., G.W. Smith, E. Snelders, M.Karel, S. James. Mortality in the sea urchin Meoma ventricosa in Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles) associated with a pathogenic bacterium. Dis. Aquatic Org. 38:71-74.1999.

Harvell, C.D., K. Kim, J.M. Burkholder, R.R. Colwell, P.R. Epstein, J.Grimes, E.E. Hofmann, E. Lipp, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, R. Overstreet, J.W. Porter, G.W. Smith, G. Vasta. Emerging Marine Diseases: Climate Links and Anthropogenic factors. Science 285: 1505-1510. 1999.

Richardson, L.L., R.B. Aronson, W.M. Goldberg, G.W. Smith, K.B. Ritchie, K.G. Kuta. J.C. Halas, J.S. Feingold and S.L. Miller. Florida’s mystery coral-killer identified. Nature 392:557-558. 1998

McGrath, T.A. and G.W. Smith. The effects of the 1995/1996 Western Atlantic coral bleaching event on the patch reefs around San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 46: 91-99, 1998

Ritchie, K.B. and G.W. Smith. Type II white-band disease. Revista de Biologia Tropical 46 Supl. 5: 199-203, 1998

Smith, G.W., C.D. Harvell and Kiho Kim. Response of sea fans to infection with Aspergillus sp. . Revista de Biologia Tropical 46 Supl. 5: 205-208. 1998

TJ Goreau, J Cervino, M Goreau, R Hayes, M Hayes, L Richardson, G Smith, K DeMeyer, I Nagelkerken, J Garzon-Ferreira, D Gil, EC Peters, G Garrison, EH Williams, L Bunkley-Williams, C Quirolo, K Patterson, JW Porter, K Porter, Rapid spread of diseases in Caribbean coral reefs, Rev Biol Trop 46 Supl 5: 157-171, 1998

Geiser, D.M., J.W. Taylor, K.B. Ritchie, G.W. Smith. Cause of sea-fan death in the West Indies. Nature 394: 137-138, 1998.

K.B. Ritchie and G.W. Smith. Physiological Comparisons of Bacterial Communities from Various Species of Scleractinian Corals. Proc. 8th International Coral Reef Symp.,1:521-526, 1997

Zieman, J., P. Penchaszadeh, J.R. Ramirez, D. Perez, D. Bone, J. Herrera-Silveira, R.D. Sanchez-Arguelles, D. Zuniza, B. Martinez, K. Bonair, P. Alcolado, R. Laydoo, J. R.Garcia, J. Garzon-Ferreira, G. Diaz. P. Gayle, D.T. Gerace, G. Smith, H. Oxenford, C. Parker, L.P.J.J. Pors, J.A. Nagelkerken, B. Van Tussenbroek, S.R. Smith, R. Varela, K. Koltes and J. Tschirky. Variation in Ecological Parameters of Thalassia testudinum across the ARICOMP Network. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp., 1:663-668. 1997.

Nagelkerken, I., K. Bucan, G.W. Smith, K. Bonair, P. Bush, J. Garzon-Ferreira, L. Botero, P. Gayle, C. Heberer, C. Petrovic, L. Pors and P. Yoshioka. Widespread Disease in Caribbean Sea Fans: I.Spreading and general characteristics. Proc. 8th International Coral Reef Symp., 1: 679-682.1997

Jordan-Dahlgren,E., J. Cortes, SR Smith, C Parker, HA Oxenford, R Varela, M Llano, JC Capelo, Y Velazques, F Ruiz, R Rodrigues, B van Tussenbroek, JG Singh, S George, A Smith, K Buchan, KH Koltes, JJ Tachirsky, IC Feller, JR Garcia, C Smith, A Winter, FX Geraldes, PMH Gayle, J Woodley, M Haley, JA Herrera-Silveira, J Ramirez-Ramirez, RD Sanchez-Arguelles, D Gerace, G Ostrander, G Smith, J Ryan, JL Miller, RS Laydoo, K. Bonair, G Alleng, J Garzon-Ferreira, D Bone, p Penchaszadeh, JC Ogden, J Zieman, B Kjerve, W Wiebe, PM Alcolado, M Sosa, R Gomez, P Garcia-Parrado, L Menendez. Physiography and setting of CARICOMP: A pattern analysis. Proc. 8^th Int Coral Reef Sym. 1:647-650. 1997.

Woodley, JD, D Bone, K Buchan, P Bush, K De Meyer, J Garzon-Ferreira, P Gayle, DT Gerace, L Grober, E Klein, K Koltes, F Losada, MD McField, T McGrath, JM Mendes, I Nagelkerken, G Ostrander, LPJJ Pors, A Rodriguez, R Rodriguez, F Ruiz-Renteria, G Smith, J Tschirky, P Alcolado, K Bonair, JR Garcia, FX Geraldes, H Guzman, C Parker, SR Smith. Studies on Caribbean coral bleaching, 1995-96. Proc. 8^th Int. Coral Reef Sym. 1:673-678. 1997.

Nagelkerken, I.,K. Bucan, G.W. Smith, D. Harvell, K. Bonair, P. Bush, J. Garzon-Ferreira, L. Botero, P. Gayle, C. Heberer, C. Petrovic, L. Pors and P. Yoshioka. Effects of a Wide-spread Disease in Caribbean Sea Fans: II. Patterns of infection and tissue loss. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 160:255-263. 1997.

G.W. Smith, L.D. Ives, I.A. Nagelkerken and K.B. Ritchie. Caribbean Sea Fan Mortalities. Nature 383:487, 1996.

Kim B. Ritchie and Garriet W. Smith. Carbon-Source Utilization of Coral-Associated Marine Heterotrophs. J. Mar. Biotechnol., 3: 107-109. 1995.

Kim B. Ritchie and Garriet W. Smith. Preferential Carbon Utilization by Surface Bacterial Communities from Water Mass, Normal and White-Band Diseased Acropora cervicornis. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 4: 345-352. 1995.

W.J. Kenworthy,C.A.Currin,M.S.Fonseca,G.W.Smith. Production, Decomposition, and Heterotrophic Utilization of the Seagrass Halophila decipiens in a Submarine Canyon. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 51:277-290. 1989.

G.W. Smith. Influence of Microbial Deamination on Ammonium Pools in Marine Waters. Science of the Total Environment. 75:319-324. 1988.

W.J. Kenworthy, C.A. Currin, G.W. Smith, and G.W. Thayer. The Abundance, Biomass & Acetylene Reduction Activity of Bacteria Associated with Decomposing Rhizomes of two Seagrasses, Zostera marina and Thalassia testudinum. Aquatic Botany 27:97-119. 1987.

G.W. Smith and S.S. Hayasaka. Tetrazolium-linked dehydrogenase as an indicator of microbial root associations with seagrasses. Botanica Marina 29:299-303. 1986.

G.W. Smith, S.S. Hayasaka and G.W. Thayer. Ammonification of amino acids in the rhizosphere of Zostera marina and Halodule wrightii. Botanica Marina 27:23-27. 1984.

G.W. Smith and S.S. Hayasaka. Nitrogenase activity associated with Zostera marina from a North Carolina estuary. Can. J. Microbiology 28:448-451. 1982.

G.W. Smith and W.H.Ornes. A preliminary survey of nitrogen fixation associated with aquatic plants in Aiken County, S.C. Proc. So. Weed Sci. Soc. 35:267-269. 1982.

G.W. Smith and S.S. Hayasaka. Nitrogenase activity of bacteria associated with Halodule wrightii roots Appl. Envir. Microbiol 43:1244-1248. 1982.

G.W. Smith, A.M. Kozuchi and S.S. Hayasaka. Heavy metal sensitivity of the seagrass rhizosphere and sediment bacteria. Botanica marina 25:19-24. 1982.

G.W. Smith. Effect of inoculation level and sieving on the Gigaspora gigantea : Soybean symbiosis. Soil Biology Biochemistry 13:539-540. 1981.

G.W. Smith, G.W. Thayer and S.S. Hayasaka. Seasonal rates of ammonification and nitrogen fixation associated with North Carolina seagrasses. Estuaries 4:270. 1981.

G.W. Smith, S.S. Hayasaka and G.W. Thayer. Root Surface area measurements of Zostera marina and Halodule wrightii. Botanica Marina 22:347:358. 1979.

G.W. Smith and H.D. Skipper. Comparison of methods to extract spores of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 43:722-725. 1979.

H.D. Skipper and G.W. Smith. Influence of soil pH on the soybean: Endomycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and Soil 53:559-563. 1979.

H.D. Skipper, B.J. Gossett and G.W. Smith. Field evaluation and soil residual characteristics of CGA-24705 and Alachlor. Proc. So. Weed Sci. Soc. 29:418-422. 1976.

G.W. Smith and G.W. Thayer. Techniques to Measure Surface Area of Seagrasses. In Seagrass

Research Methods, R.C. Phillips (ed). UNESCO, Paris, France pp. 71-75.1990.

Garriet W. Smith, Seagrass Meadows of Grahams Harbour, San Salvador, Bahamas. In Field Trip

Guidebook. 26th AMLC. Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador, Bahamas. pp.3-6. 1994

F. G. F. Smith and G. W. Smith. Digital Mapping and Monitoring of Seagrass Communities

Using Multi-Spectral Imagery. In: Remote sensing and Environmental Monitoring for the

Sustainable Development of the Americas. Raytheon.12pp. 1996.

D.T. Gerace, G.K. Ostrander and G.W. Smith. San Salvador, Bahamas. In: Caribbean

Caracteristics. (ed, B. Kjerfve),15pp., UNESCO, Paris, France. 229 -245. 1998

Goreau, T.J., A.W. Bruckner, J. Cervino, R.L. Hayes, I. Nagelkerken, J.W. Porter, K.G. Porter, L.L. Richardson, D.L. Santavy, G.W. Smith, E.H. Williams. Assessing coral reef health. (letter) Science 277: 165-166. 1997.

Cervino, J.M., T.J. Goreau, G.W. Smith, K. deMeyer, R.L. Hayes. Fast spreading new Caribbean coral disease. Reef Encounter 22: 16-18. 1997.

Cervino, J.M., T.J. Goreau, R.L. Hayes, L. Kaufman, I. Nagelkerken, K. Patterson, J.W. Porter, G.W. Smith and C. Quirolo. Coral Disease. (letter). Science 280:499-501. 1998.

G.W. Smith, S.S. Hayasaka and G.W. Thayer. Microbiology of the rhizosphere of seagrass systems. I. Detection of bacteria in Halodule wrightii roots. From:U.S. Nat. Mar. Fish.Ser., Ann. Rept. USDE. pp. 120-127. 1980.

G.W. Smith, S.S. Hayasaka and G.W. Thayer. Microbiology of the rhizosphere of seagrass systems. II. Ammonification of glutamic acid by the rhizoplane microflora of Zostera marina and Halodule wrightii. From: U.S. Nat.Mar. Fish. Ser., Ann. Rept. USDE. pp. 128-138. 1980.

G.W. Smith. Microbial Contributions to the Growth and Degradation of Tropical Seagrasses. In Proceedings Of the 2^nd Symposium 0n the Marine and Terrestrial Botany of the Bahamas. R.R. Smith (ed.) CCFL, Bahamian Field Station Publ. San Salvador, Bahamas. pp. 45-53. 1988.

G.W. Smith,F.T. Short,D.I.Kaplan.Distribution and Biomass of Seagrasses in San Salvador,Bahamas.In Proceedigns of the Third Symposium on the Marine and Terrestrial Botany of the Bahamas pp. 67-77, 1991.

D.I. Kaplan,F.T.Short,G.W.Smith.Chemical Interactions between Seagrasses and Carbonate Sediments.In Proceedings of the Third Symposium on the Marine and Terrestrial Botany of the Bahamas. pp. 41-46, 1991.

L. Ducate and G. Smith. Pure Culture Studies of Seagrass Rhizoplane Isolates. . Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 4: 23-27. 1992.

P.K. Gottfried, C. Clark, P. Godfrey and G. Smith. Use of Remote Sensing to Evaluate the Ecology of San Salvador, Bahamas. Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 4: 75-82. 1992.

T. Morgan and G.W. Smith. Deamination and Glucose Repression of Seagrass Rhizoplane Isolates. . Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 4: 91-94. 1992.

G.W. Smith and B. Greenwood. Seasonal Variations in Seagrass Biomass from a Tropical Carbonate Environment. Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 4: 103-108. 1992.

G.M. Miller, Mel Wrigley and G.W. Smith. Assessment of Mycorrhizal Infectivity in Terrestrial Bahamian Plant Roots . Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 5: 64-74. 1994.

W.P. Wong and G.W. Smith. Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria Associated with the Rhizosphere of Tropical Saegrasses. Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 5: 103-107. 1994.

K.A. Wehner and G.W. Smith. Mechanisms for Phosphate Cycling in Seagrass Beds. Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 5: 94-102. 1994.

K.B. Ritchie, J.H. Dennis, T. McGrath and G.W. Smith. Bacteria Associated with Bleached and Nonbleached Areas of Montastrea annularis. Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 5: 75-80. 1994.

Kim B. Ritchie, Donald T. Gerace and Garriet W. Smith. Grouping of Bacterial Heterotrophs from Scleractinian Corals using Metabolic Potentials. Proc.Assoc. Marine Labs. Caribbean 26: 224-236, 1995.

T.A. McGrath, D.T. Gerace and G.W. Smith. Monitoring the Patch Reefs of San Salvador, Bahamas for Changes due to Bleaching and Disease. Proc.Assoc. Marine Labs. Caribbean 26:147-156, 1995.

Jindal A., K.B. Ritchie, R.L. Hayes, T.J. Goreau and G.W. Smith. Bacterial Ecology of Selected Corals Following the South Central Pacific Bleaching Event.. Proc. Assoc. Marine Labs. Caribbean 27: 26-32, 1996

K.B. Ritchie, R.A. Holley, T.A. McGrath and G.W. Smith. INT-Linked Dehydrogenase Activity in the Surface Mucopolysaccharide Layers of Bahamian Scleractinian Corals. Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 6: 18-27, 1996.

G.W. Smith. The Klebsiella-Halodule Symbiosis: Distribution and Physiology of the Endophyte. Proc. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 6: 4-8, 1996

Harper, S.D. and G.W. Smith. Temporal variations in the phosphorus content of Bahamian seagrasses. Symp.Nat. Hist. Bahamas 7: 63-70. 1998

Smith, G.W., C.D. Harvell, K. Kim, K.B. Ritchie, S. James and K. Buchan. Cellular events occurring during the pathogenesis of aspergillosis of Gorgonia species. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 7: 111-114. 1998

Holley, H.A.T., K.B. Ritchie and G.W. Smith. Metabolism of nitrogenous compounds by the SML bacterial communities of Scleractinian corals. Symp. Nat. Hist. Bahamas 7: 71-76. 1998

Cervino, J.M. and G.W. Smith. Coral diseased are on the increase. Earth Times. Aug. 1997

Cervino, J.M. and G.W. Smith. Corals in Peril. Ocean Realm, 42:33-35. 1997.