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SYLLABUS
APLS 201 AMERICAN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT (INTERNET VERSION)

APLS 201- 062 and 063

Spring 2012

Instructor: Carol Botsch 

Address: University of South Carolina Aiken

471 University Parkway
Aiken, SC 29801

 

Last updated 1/5/2012


Office: Humanities and Social Sciences Building: C-5
Telephone: 803-648-6851 (W) (ask switchboard for Carol Botsch or ext. 3227)
e-mail: carolb@usca.edu
fax: 803-641-3461
Office Hours: Mon, 10 to 11:50 am, and by appointment

                        I will check my e-mail every weekday during the semester, except on breaks and holidays.

Text: A Republic If You Can Keep It, by Robert E. Botsch. This is a free online text that is available only for use by USCA students. It is available in both Word and a PDF version.

Keeping up with the news is especially important in this course and you will have a number of newspaper assignments. Here are the urls for several major news sites:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/

http://www.nytimes.com/

http://www.usatoday.com/

http://www.cnn.com/

Real Clear Politics (polls)

Every book that is written on American government has its own unique angle. One that we used in the past centered on the theme of "democracy in the making." It looked at our political system as one that began as an elitist democracy that has been undergoing gradual transformation into a more popular democracy. That is a reasonable historical and political interpretation of the U.S. Another book focused on how well we are equipped to meet the challenges of the future, challenges of a more interdependent world that we can no longer dominate so easily and of protecting an ever more endangered environment, to cite but two examples. From this perspective, America's challenge is that the government, designed in a time when life was simpler and when much less was expected of government, seems unable to make the necessary hard decisions or the necessary plans to meet these challenges. Fragmentation that results from split and divided powers has been excellent for preventing tyranny. However, it also prevents strong enough leadership from forming and acting except in the most severe crises. The complaints about "gridlocked Congress" stem from this structural reality. That seems unlikely to change in the near future in an era of highly polarized politics. Another text defined the nation by the interaction among three things: our beliefs, our social institutions, and our political system. The author examined these interactions as they evolved historically and then concentrated on the question of how these interactions are working in the new "postindustrial" information based society that has been emerging since the 1960s. Our new, online text centers on the idea of paradoxes. If you are not sure what that means, you will find out when you read the first chapter!

Our Course Objectives

1. To give you an opportunity to learn how the American political system actually works, as opposed to how you are often told it should work. To do this, there are many facts you should know, but they are not worth knowing unless you understand the forces that tie them together in a meaningful way. For example, understanding how a bill becomes law is a series of facts that helps us understand why the status quo is so hard to change, and that in turn helps us understand why we are so cynical about politics and politicians. Yet at the same time Congress plays other less obvious roles that explain why we elect and reelect most members.

2. To understand your role in our political system. You really have no choice in this matter -- you have a role whether you like it or not. Even if you refuse to pay taxes you will play a role--in the courts and in the federal prison system. You might as well know what your role is.

3. To understand the possibilities and limits on your own personal political activity. You can make a difference, although most of you would rather exercise your right to be a passive citizen. But to make any difference at all you must know the rules of the game. You must know how most things do get done in American politics.

4. To understand the relationship between the current issues of public debate and the biases that are built into our political system. Many issues that seem new and hot and new to you (health care reform? ethics in government? military spending? economic planning? balancing the budget? reducing the size of government? abortion? prayer in schools? what rights to give gay people?) are really old issues that arise in new forms because our political system is unable to solve those issues in any permanent way. In fact, that is part of the genius of the design of the system--it was made to allow evolving answers to difficult questions, answers to allow those losing today to hope they can win tomorrow. Even an issue like global warming is not really new if one thinks of it within the context of environmental protection!

5. To learn the fundamental values and ideas in the important documents that lay the foundation for our political system: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Federalist Papers. One of the most interesting aspects of these famous documents is how much conflict and ambiguity are built into them. They do not lay out clear guidelines that tell us how to answer the political questions that face us today. Much political conflict is over how to apply and prioritize conflicting principles built into the Constitution. Why are these conflicting and ambiguous principles important? As citizen leaders of tomorrow, your job will be to interpret and apply the fragile principles of democracy for the next generation. My generation won't be around to do it. In a single generation, democracy can be lost. That's a heavy responsibility. In a mere 40 years, virtually all the teachers and leaders of the nation will be gone. Those who are the young adults and children of today will be in charge. Think about it.

6. To learn why politics is so much fun to learn about, think about, talk about, and even write about. Every issue will have at least two answers, usually more. It's a lot less precise than mathematics, and that's what makes it frustrating and fun (two sides of the same coin). In fact, the ability to make political issues seem all very clear and simple is a powerful political weapon that people who are skilled at the art of political communication are always using on you. Hopefully, after this course, they'll have a more difficult audience.

7. To improve your own communication skills -- comprehending, writing, and using e-mail and the Web (although most of you now are far more technologically competent than am I!). Improved communication should be a goal of every college course. Communication may be the most important quality of an educated person. It is certainly a requirement for a viable democracy, whether it be a republic or a popular democracy. It is no accident that typewriters were not allowed to be owned by private citizens in Rumania or Albania before their rulers were overthrown. Communist leaders in China and Arab leaders in the Middle East try to limit access to the internet, and if you followed any of the controversy that swirled around the Olympics this past year, you are aware of how hard the Chinese government worked to stifle dissent. And Time Magazine recognized this by selecting Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, as its person of the year for 2010, and the protesters here and abroad for 2011. Your performance on the assignments you e-mail to me will tell me how well you are achieving most of these communications objectives. When I see your evaluations of this course, I'll know how good a job I did in communicating the excitement of politics to you.

How Your Grades Will be Determined

1. Exams (40% of your grade). We have built this course so that you can do the entire course in your own home or wherever you have access to a computer and an internet connection (called an “asynchronous” course, where we don’t meet in real time). Thus, in this course you will be graded on your responses on essay exams that require you to apply what you have learned in the text, or engage in what we often refer to as critical thinking. On the dates announced in the course schedule, I will post the assignment on your course website. Each student will have 48 hours to write their essays and e-mail them back to me. The answers will be graded with comments (Unfortunately, for reasons of personal privacy and federal law, the school will not let us email your tests back to you. But I will keep a copy here with the comments. You can either see me personally and obtain a copy of it or I can have the department secretary mail you a copy). The grade will depend upon how well the essay used the factual information in the assigned reading material to provide a logical, well organized, and well written answer and applied it to answer the question. I may ask you to refer to an additional source for your answer. So allow plenty of time for this, and do not tell me you cannot get it in on time because you had to work or had some other kind of commitment. You must plan ahead and manage your time! Yes, grammar will count--even on the internet in this case. I will subtract five points for excessive spelling and grammatical mistakes, so proofread your work.

2. Written E-mail Assignments (web and newspaper based), Blackboard Test Mastery Questions, and Blackboard Discussions (60% of your grade – see below for specifics). One of the hardest things for teachers to do is to motivate students to read and think about the material before class. Getting students to keep up is one of the hardest parts in totally self-paced on-line distance education (ode). That's what this is all about. It involves three parts, not all of which will be done in every chapter: Blackboard test mastery questions (you will have to log in to the Blackboard website for this), discussion questions (also on Blackboard, on the Discussion Forum - and I have repeated the discussion questions on your class schedule so you can read them ahead of time and be aware of the due date), and Web exercises (this part will be found on your class website as a link from the assignment for each unit, on the assignment page, and you have to email your newspaper or web responses directly to me). When I respond to you concerning your work for a web or newspaper assignment, if your work is complete and meets the requirements, I will let you know that it is satisfactory, and thus receives full credit. Normally I will not respond to you about a grade on discussion assignments unless it is inadequate, in which case I will contact you privately.

A. On the beginning date of each chapter of material, all registered students will be able to log onto the Blackboard web site at https://blackboard.sc.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp - if you do not have a Blackboard user id and password, see the instructions on the assignment page. Each of you has a user name that is assigned to you and I have given you some instructions as to how to get started on the assignments page. Please click on that link as soon as you finish reading the syllabus, as you will have to get your user id and password immediately so you can get started, if you have not used Blackboard before. Each question will be worth one point. There will be approximately 220 points total, or about 20 questions for each of the 11 units. There are no Blackboard questions for the final two units, units 12 and 13 – see class schedule. Please note that the questions will be randomly generated for each student from a question bank, and thus, after you read through the chapter, you will need to go back and find the answers to each question somewhere in the chapter. Take the time to carefully complete each of these assignments, as they comprise a substantial portion of your grade. You can make up to three attempts on the Blackboard questions, and your highest score will be counted. Blackboard will randomly generate a different set of questions each time (25% of your grade).

B. The second part of each unit is a Web assignment or a newspaper assignment that will be posted on your course schedule page –there is a link to the schedule on the home page for the class (25% of your grade). Whenever you email me, you need to fill in the subject line. Please list your assignment topic or number when emailing me your homework. It is also very helpful if you indicate your class number (062 or 063) either in the subject line or the body of the email, since I am teaching two online classes this semester. Please do not send me emails with a blank subject line! You will need to follow the instructions and click on the link to a web page. This portion of your assignment requires you to apply what you have learned and often, to see what real world application you can find. Many of these will be newspaper assignments, to put what you learn in a real world context. Again, click on the link to answer and type in your response to send it to me. This will be labeled as an Internet Assignment. Be sure to write "Internet Assignment 1" in the subject line when you send me your answer. I will grade each question as satisfactory (full credit), marginal (half credit), or unsatisfactory (no credit at all). Please use your USCA address unless there is a very good reason not to. If you have to email me from another address, be sure to specify in the subject line, so I don't delete it as spam. For each newspaper assignment, you should find an article in a reputable online newspaper (see list on syllabus for typical sources), or similar paper newspaper if you prefer (in that case, you will have to give me a page number instead of a url). This must be a current article, written within the last two days unless I specify otherwise (so for a newspaper assignment that is scheduled for February 15-16, it should have been written no earlier than Feb. 13) and is due by midnight on the final day listed for the assignment (using that same example, of the assignment for Feb. 15-16, it is due by midnight on Feb. 16). The subject of the article should be a topic that reinforces something you read about in the chapter (so for the first assignment, you may want to choose an article that illustrates one of the key terms in the chapter, like power or politics or ideology, for example. You are not limited to this approach of using key terms, but I am simply giving you some examples. For the second unit, your newspaper assignment should illustrate something from the US Constitution or whatever else we discuss in the chapter). You will need to give me the name of the newspaper and its url, the date that the article appeared, and summarize the story in your own words in a paragraph. In a separate paragraph, indicate what this illustrates from the chapter. Be very specific about this, referring to the appropriate section of the chapter so I know what you are describing! In general, the article should refer to some current and important political news although there may be instances where it is appropriate to choose an article from the entertainment or sports or living section. I suggest you skim or read through some newspapers to find these articles, as doing a search for a term like "constitution" may lead you to something about the Russian constitution or the Hawaii state constitution, which may not be relevant here. Again, there are some situations where something like that may be appropriate. All newspaper assignments should be labeled in the subject box of your email and mailed to carolb@usca.edu by the due date. Be sure to sign your name and check your spelling and grammar so you receive credit for your work, and save a copy of what you sent me.

C. The third item is virtual class discussions on Blackboard (10% - the smallest percentage of your total grade, but it’s enough to make a letter grade difference!). I have created a discussion forum on Blackboard for each unit and have created a thread, to which you will reply (in other words, reply to my comment, not to your fellow students, although you should certainly read other posted comments before you post yours, so you do not parrot what others have said). I have posted a question for each chapter and for the final two units. Click on the link for the Discussion Forum for your class, which is on the left. Then go to the list of discussion forums and click on the correct one. Then read the question, and click on my response and read that. You should also read the comments of the other students who have already posted.  These threads can be confusing and I’d like you to respond to my comment so we don’t have comments appearing all over the place – we’ll give it a try and see what works! If you have a private comment that you do not want everyone to see, don’t post it on Blackboard, but rather, send it to me at the carolb@usca.edu address. Feel free to begin a dialogue and to respond to what some of your classmates are saying. To get credit, you must reply to at least the initial question in a significant way. That means that you don't just parrot the answers of others ("I agree with so and so..."). Be sure you read what others have written before you respond! Draw on what you read in the chapter, on my introductory comments, and on what you read and see in the news. Yes, you do need to keep up with the news for this class. Plan on reading a newspaper (paper or internet version), listening to the news on the radio, or watching the news on television every day! I will respond to you privately if your answer is not satisfactory. Otherwise, you can assume it is.

You must observe deadlines in order to get credit for your answers. If your computer goes on the fritz, you can fax me your work (803-641-3461) or hand-carry it to my office on campus. To protect yourself from electronic glitches and crashes, save electronic and hard copies of all your work. Then if all else fails, you can bring them to me and I can then give you the credit you so richly deserve for your hard work! Contact me by phone if you have computer problems or a personal emergency that cannot be avoided, such as a death in the immediate family. The Internet exercises will be graded and I will respond to you by email. If you don't hear otherwise from me, you can assume that your discussion response was a satisfactory, as I have to be careful what I say on the class discussion forum. The Blackboard questions are graded automatically on the website - keep track of how many you get right and you can figure what your percentage of correct answers is. Let me know if the percentage information doesn’t show up.

DO NOT use attachments in your answers. They cause too many problems. Copy and paste your answers from a word processing program to your e-mail. I will delete all emails that have attachments without opening them!

Please note that while I will normally send written comments and grades on all written work within 48 hours of its due date, sometimes I can get behind. I'll try to send out a message let you know of any problems I have that affect the whole class. Tests may take a while longer.

Grading Scale

I will use a 10 point grading scale that works as follows: A: 90-100; B+: 85-89; B: 80-84; C+: 75-79; C: 70-74; D+: 65-69; D: 60-64; and F: less than 60.

Plagiarism and Honor Code Violations

Rules regarding PLAGIARISM apply to all written work. Depending on the nature of the work and the precise offense, the penalty for plagiarism may be as light as a failing grade for the work or as heavy as an F for the course. If you're not sure what this means, e-mail me! The one exception to required notation in this class is that if the material you write is obviously based on what is in the text, you don't need to reference it. However, if you do quote directly from or closely paraphrase (just change a few words here and there) the text or from something on the Internet (or any other source), you must use quotation marks and give a page number, for example (text 241). Other than this, you must cite sources. You should read the portion of the student handbook that describes Honor Code Violations. All honor code violations, major and minor, will be reported to my department chair, to the chair of your major department, and to the Executive Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs. You will receive a certified letter at your home address notifying you of the violation and of your right to appeal. See your student handbook or me for more information. The USCA Honor code (I have neither given nor received any unauthorized help on this work) is in effect for this course on all written assignments and exams. Students who collaborate with other students or any other person on exams or allow other students to look at their work will automatically receive a "0" for the entire test.

Academic Integrity Resources

Disability Policy

If you have a physical, psychological, and/or learning disability which might affect your performance in this class, please contact the Office of Disability Services, 126A B&E, (803) 641-3609, as soon as possible. The Disability Services Office will determine appropriate accommodations based on medical documentation.

Writing Proficiency Portfolio Requirement (USCA Students only)

Please remember that the written work that you produce in this class can be included in your writing proficiency portfolio. For further information on the portfolio requirement, please consult your USCA Undergraduate and Graduate Studies Bulletin or visit Dr. Lynne Rhodes (lynner@usca.edu), Director of Writing Assessment, or Karl Fornes (karlf@usca.edu.edu), Director of the Writing Room.