July 6, 2026
USCA Revolutionary War scholar lists must-see sites throughout the state
South Carolina helped forge a nation, playing a pivotal role in the war that led to America’s independence from Britian.
“The United States is a unique experiment. So, two and a half centuries of successful representative government is worth celebrating,” said Alexa Helsley, a senior history instructor at the University of South Carolina Aiken.
“To understand the present, we need to understand the past — the challenges, decision points, good outcomes and mistakes that we as Americans made in the past. We also need to understand who and why certain ones chose to pursue independence and others elected to remain loyal to the king or even to remain neutral.
“The story includes men and women of different ethnic backgrounds, different socio-economic standing, different dreams and fears.”
As the nation celebrates its 250th anniversary, Helsley, a Revolutionary War scholar, recommends visiting sites throughout the state that give insight into the Palmetto State’s involvement.
The state’s newest license plate references the role of South Carolina in the conflict, claiming the war ended here. Some of the key sites identified by Helsley help visitors understand the pivotal battles that shaped the war’s outcome.
“South Carolina played a critical role in the quest for independence, especially after the Fall of Charlestown in 1780. For example, the Battle of Kings Mountain was pivotal in pushing Cornwallis to defeat Yorktown,” she said.
“Henry Laurens served as president of the Continental Congress and, while on a diplomatic mission to the Netherlands, was captured by the British. They imprisoned him in the Tower of London. Later, he was involved in preliminary peace negotiations to end the war.”
She added that the Battle of Sullivan's Island in 1776 was an early British defeat and major Patriot morale booster.
Helsley, who serves as the university’s archivist, has studied and researched colonial South Carolina for decades. Her newest book, “Rebecca Brewton Motte and the American Revolution in South Carolina” details the Charlestonian’s unique perspective of events during British occupation, the war and beyond. It is available July 28.
She culled a list of three key Revolution-era sites, chosen for the significance of the engagement, how well the site has been preserved and how easily it can be accessed.
Celebrate America’s 250th: Must-see battle sites in South Carolina
Ninety Six National Historic Site, 1103 SC-248, Ninety Six, SC, 1775 and 1781
This well-preserved site is the location for two significant engagements, 1775 and 1781, and includes the Star Fort, an original star-shaped earthen fortification erected in 1781 by the British to defend Ninety Six. It is the site of the only mine tunnel known to survive that was used in the Revolution. The 125-foot tunnel was designed by Polish humanist, engineer and Revolutionary War hero Thaddeus Kosciuszko during the 1781 siege of the earthen Star Fort in the town of Ninety Six.
The Battle of Ninety Six, which took place Nov. 19-21, 1775, was the first major battle in the South. It was an impromptu clash between Loyalist and Patriot Militia, commanded by Andrew Williamson. At issue was a stash of arms and ammunition, held by the Patriots. The two sides fought at Savage’s Old Fields and at Fort Williamson, where Patriots fortified a barn with animal hides. South Carolina’s first known casualty, James Birmingham, occurred during this skirmish, where Patriots fortified a barn with animal hides. With water in short supply, Loyalists withdrew, leaving the Patriots in control of arms and ammunition. The resulting stalemate was the precursor of vicious fighting for control of the South Carolina backcountry.
Several years later, Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene commanded the Continental Army in the South during the Siege of NinetySix, from May 22 through June 18, 1781. This 28-day siege focused on the Star Fort, an unusual earthen fortification that was the British’s last stronghold in the upstate and which still stands today. Lord Francis Rawdon-Hastings, the de facto British commander in the state, led reinforcements and destroyed the town of Ninety Six and withdrew the British and Loyalist troops to Charlestown after Greene abandoned the area. Rawdon’s actions left Charlestown the sole British stronghold in South Carolina. The British finally evacuated the capital city in December 1782.
Kings Mountain National Battlefield, 2625 Park Road, Blacksburg, SC, Oct. 7, 1780
On the border of North and South Carolina, Patriot Militia fought Loyalist Militia, commanded by Maj. Patrick Ferguson of the 71st Regiment of Foot, who was the only regular army participant. The Patriot Militia led by Benjamin Cleveland, James Johnston, William Campbell, John Sevier, Joseph McDowell and Isaac Shelby included Overmountain Men from East Tennessee as well as Carolina militiamen. An annual event traces their march over the Unaka Mountains to Kings Mountain on the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. Patriots dealt a major defeat that annihilated British forces in upstate South Carolina, which proved a significant morale boost after disastrous American defeats, including the fall of Charlestown in May 1780 and a British victory at Camden in August 1780. Ferguson was killed during the fighting and is buried on the battlefield. Thomas Jefferson, who was the governor of Virginia at the time, said the battle marked “the turn of the tide of success.”
Cowpens National Battlefield, 338 New Pleasant Road, Gaffney, SC, Jan. 17, 1781
The battle at Cowpens proved a crucial American victory when a series of events led to Lord Cornwallis’ defeat in Yorktown, Virginia, and ultimately to serious peace negotiations with Great Britain. Gen. Daniel Morgan, commander of the Continental Army, visited campsites of his troops the night before the battle, encouraging them. His strategy carried the day and dealt quite a blow to Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton and The British Legion.
In addition to her latest book, Helsley has written several resources that detail South Carolina’s role in this pivotal time in the nation’s history.
Books
“Rebecca Brewton Motte and the American Revolution in SC”
“South Carolinians in the War for American Independence”
“The Henderson County (N. C.) Revolutionary Pensioners of 1840”
Book Chapters
“Lost Livelihood: George Galphin and Silver Bluff,” a chapter in “Lost History of Aiken County, SC”
“Friends & Foes,” a chapter in “Wicked Edisto: The Dark Side of Eden”
“Washington in Retirement,” a requested chapter in “Companion to George Washington”
“Rebecca Motte,” a requested chapter in “South Carolina Women: Their Lives and Times”
“The Battle of Great Cane Brake,” a chapter in “Hidden History of Greenville, South Carolina”
“Toward Independence, 1755-1783,” a chapter in “Beaufort: A History”
“In Pursuit of Liberty: Petition of Moses Irvine,” a chapter in “The Many Faces of Slavery”
Articles
“The Catawba Nation in the American Revolution,” in “Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association,” which earned the Daniel Hollis prize for best academic paper 2019-2020 by the SC Historical Association
“’The Pilgrim of Liberty’ Lafayette’s Return to South Carolina in 1825,” in “Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association”
“A Roadside Guide to SC Counties in the American Revolution,” in “County Focus, Abbeville – Georgetown”
“Sarah Shattuck” in “An Encyclopedia of American Women at War”
“Thomas Lynch, Sr.,” “Thomas Lynch, Jr.,” in “South Carolina Encyclopedia”
"The Battle of Kings Mountain," in “Henderson County (NC) Genealogical and Historical Society Journal”
"The Catawba and American Liberty," in “South Carolina Historical Magazine 1996
"1854 List of Continental Soldiers," in “Carolina Herald”